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Stomatologija 2025; 27 (4): 87-90 135 KB

Prevalence of infectious diseases and disorders of dermal apparatus in relation to head and neck region pertaining to adult and paediatric population – An original research

Harepriya Meganathan Karthikeyini¹, Karthik Shunmugavelu², Evangeline Cynthia Dhinakaran³

Summary

Background and objective. Immunologically mediated mucocutaneous diseases frequently manifest initially in the oral cavity and often exhibit overlapping clinical features. This overlap complicates early clinical diagnosis and may delay appropriate management. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and clinicopathological characteristics of oral lichen planus, oral pemphigus and oral pemphigoid in a large retrospective cohort.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 6300 biopsy records archived over a 21-year period was performed. Cases diagnosed histopathologically as oral lichen planus, oral pemphigus and oral pemphigoid were included. Demographic details and clinical features were retrieved from records. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were re-evaluated using current diagnostic criteria. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 21.

Results. Out of 6300 cases, 105 (1.66%) were immunologically mediated oral diseases. Oral lichen planus constituted 86 cases (1.36%), oral pemphigoid 15 cases (0.23%) and oral pemphigus 4 cases (0.06%). Characteristic clinicopathological features were observed for each entity, with oral lichen planus being the most prevalent.

Conclusions. Immunologically mediated oral diseases represented a small proportion of oral biopsy specimens. Overlapping clinical features necessitate careful clinicopathological correlation to ensure accurate diagnosis. Histopathological examination remains essential for definitive diagnosis and appropriate management.

Key words: oral lichen planus, pemphigus, pemphigoid, autoimmune oral diseases, oral mucosal lesions.

Received: 06 06 2024

Accepted for publishing: 22 12 2025

¹Davao Medical School Foundation, Davao City, Philippines

²Department of Dentistry/Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PSP medical college hospital and research institute, Tamilnadu, India

³Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Tamilnadu, India

Address correspo ndence to Karthik Shunmugavelu, Department of Dentistry/Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PSP medical college hospital and research institute, Tambaram Kanchipuram main road, Oragadam Panruti Kanchipuram district, Tamilnadu 631604, India.

E-mail address: drkarthiks1981@gmail.com



	Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal

2025, Vol. 27, No. 4 CONTENTS SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES Cyclic fatigue resistance of several deep cryogenically treated nickel-titanium endodontic rotary and reciprocating files in artificial canals Airida Vaikšnytė, Nijolė Krasilnikova, Akvilė Strazdaitė, Tadas Venskutonis 75-79 REVIEWS Socket-shield technique vs traditional immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone: A systematic review and meta-analysis Augustė Brazytė, Julija Bražėnaitė, Dominykas Gedminas, Salma Varoneckaitė, Domantė Irtmonaitė, Juozas Žilinskas 80-86 SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES Prevalence of infectious diseases and disorders of dermal apparatus in relation to head and neck region pertaining to adult and paediatric population – An original research Harepriya Meganathan Karthikeyini, Karthik Shunmugavelu, Evangeline Cynthia Dhinakaran 87-90 CASE REPORTS Sialolithiasis' diagnosis and treatment plan: A case series Maurília Raquel de Souto Medeiros, Ingrid Barbosa Lima, Claudia Alice de Araújo Dantas, Caio César Silva Barros, Adriano Rocha Germano, Éricka Janine Dantas da Silveira, Patricia Teixeira de Oliveira 91-96 © 2026 Stomatologija		Stomatologija 2025; 27 (4): 87-90 135 KB Prevalence of infectious diseases and disorders of dermal apparatus in relation to head and neck region pertaining to adult and paediatric population – An original research Harepriya Meganathan Karthikeyini¹, Karthik Shunmugavelu², Evangeline Cynthia Dhinakaran³ Summary Background and objective. Immunologically mediated mucocutaneous diseases frequently manifest initially in the oral cavity and often exhibit overlapping clinical features. This overlap complicates early clinical diagnosis and may delay appropriate management. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and clinicopathological characteristics of oral lichen planus, oral pemphigus and oral pemphigoid in a large retrospective cohort. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 6300 biopsy records archived over a 21-year period was performed. Cases diagnosed histopathologically as oral lichen planus, oral pemphigus and oral pemphigoid were included. Demographic details and clinical features were retrieved from records. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were re-evaluated using current diagnostic criteria. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 21. Results. Out of 6300 cases, 105 (1.66%) were immunologically mediated oral diseases. Oral lichen planus constituted 86 cases (1.36%), oral pemphigoid 15 cases (0.23%) and oral pemphigus 4 cases (0.06%). Characteristic clinicopathological features were observed for each entity, with oral lichen planus being the most prevalent. Conclusions. Immunologically mediated oral diseases represented a small proportion of oral biopsy specimens. Overlapping clinical features necessitate careful clinicopathological correlation to ensure accurate diagnosis. Histopathological examination remains essential for definitive diagnosis and appropriate management. Key words: oral lichen planus, pemphigus, pemphigoid, autoimmune oral diseases, oral mucosal lesions. Received: 06 06 2024 Accepted for publishing: 22 12 2025 ¹Davao Medical School Foundation, Davao City, Philippines ²Department of Dentistry/Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PSP medical college hospital and research institute, Tamilnadu, India ³Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Tamilnadu, India Address correspo ndence to Karthik Shunmugavelu, Department of Dentistry/Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PSP medical college hospital and research institute, Tambaram Kanchipuram main road, Oragadam Panruti Kanchipuram district, Tamilnadu 631604, India. E-mail address: drkarthiks1981@gmail.com